Focus & Attention
Open Loops And Unfinished Errands
A short errand you have not done occupies more mental room than a long one you have finished, because unresolved intentions stay active until they are closed or written down.

A list of five trivial errands can feel heavier than a day of demanding work. The weight comes from the fact that they are unresolved rather than from anything they will cost to complete.
Unfinished intentions stay active
An intention that has been formed but not carried out keeps a degree of accessibility in memory. It surfaces on its own, without being deliberately recalled, and it does this repeatedly.
That accessibility is useful in principle, since it is what makes you remember to mail the form. It is expensive in practice because the reminder arrives whether or not you can act on it.
A completed task loses that property almost immediately. The difference between five done errands and five pending ones is not effort but whether the reminders have stopped.
Size has little to do with it
Renewing a registration and rebuilding a deck occupy similar amounts of background attention while both are pending. The intention is what recurs, not the workload attached to it.
This is why a stack of small obligations can be more draining than one large project. The project is a single open loop; the stack is a dozen of them firing independently.
People often respond by trying to work harder on the large thing, which is the wrong lever. Clearing three small items usually restores more capacity than an extra hour of concentration.
Writing it down does most of the work
An intention recorded somewhere trusted stops recurring at nearly the same rate as one completed. The mind appears to treat a reliable external record as sufficient closure.
The word trusted is doing the work in that sentence. A note in a system you routinely ignore does not release anything, because the reminder is still doing necessary work.
Specificity matters too. Call about the roof recurs; call the roofer Tuesday morning does not, because the next action is already decided and nothing is left to figure out.
Why some loops resist closing
An errand that requires waiting on someone else cannot be finished by you, and so cannot be closed by doing it. These are the ones that keep resurfacing.
The closure available here is a decision about when to check again. A date attached to a pending item converts an open loop into a scheduled one.
Loops also stay open when the next step is genuinely unknown. Naming the unknown as its own task tends to resolve more than repeatedly reconsidering the whole errand.
The cost is paid during other work
Open loops do not interrupt evenly. They surface most during the difficult parts of concentrated work, when attention is already unstable and looking for somewhere to go.
The result is that unfinished errands tax the hours meant for something else entirely. Their real cost lands on the work you were trying to protect.
Clearing or capturing them before a block of focused work is therefore not procrastination. It removes the most likely source of interruption before the block begins.
Also by Nadia Okonjo
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- Small talk, and what it is forCommunication
- Changing direction mid-careerWork & Career
- Intrinsic interest, and where it comes fromGoals & Motivation





